Hereditary Diseases
To conceive a healthy baby is the goal that pregnant women want to achieve at the end of gestation, however, not all succeed, as there are occasions when they encounter “roadblocks” and give birth to children with any condition.
All people have a lesser or greater extent, the risk of giving birth to a child with problems, they can be increased if the mother took drugs aggressive, suffered an illness during pregnancy (eg rubella), drugs and alcohol consumed or exposed to chemicals and radiation, also influences the age of the parents, if they are blood relatives (first cousins) and if one or both have alterations in the genes.
From parents to children
It is important to consider that every human being is made up of trillions of cells, each stay 46 chromosomes (which concentrates the genetic material), of which 44 are called autosomes (governing body) and two sex (XX women and XY in men). Of these, 23 are contributed by the sperm and half from the egg so that fertilization occurs are the 46, are formed by a molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and contain thousands of genes.
The information we have the structures described above are transmitted from parents to children by mixing which results from the union of gametes (sex cell which combines with another to form a zygote, which develops a whole being), leading a combination of genes and then to individuals with characteristics of both parents, but somehow improved.
The way it is expressed above can be dominant or recessive manner, which is based on the laws of inheritance formulated by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel. In the first case, a parent gives their child a certain characteristic, for example, bushy eyebrows, while the second requires that both parents provide elements to manifest physically. Moving above the level of disease, we can say that when a person is born with a disorder means that it was transmitted by a dominant gene, but only carries no symptoms and is a recessive gene. Here are a classification of different congenital disorders (manifested at birth).
Multi-factorial disorders
They are determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, ie, we have inherited the burden while the conditions are conducive to its development, among them are diabetes, obesity and hypertension, conditions to which one may be biased by family history, but its manifestation is precipitated when consumed high amounts of fats and salt, smoked, there is a pregnancy or a sedentary lifestyle.
Also included chronic depression (lasts for months or years) because it is genetically predisposed to problems in brain neurotransmitter mechanisms, ie, in connecting neurons with each other, resulting in decreased catecholamine and serotonin, substances involved, among other things, the adaptation of the person to stress and regulation of affective states. The detonators in this case would be problems at home, work or school, death in the family, economic hardship, unemployment, professional failure, high stress and heartbreak, among others.
credit to: Karina Galarza Vásquez